Chloroplast genome variation and phylogenetic relationships of Atractylodes species

Abstract Background Atractylodes DC is the basic original plant of widely used herbal medicines “Baizhu” and “Cangzhu” an endemic genus in East Asia. Species within have minor morphological differences, universal DNA barcodes cannot clearly distinguish systemic relationship or identify species genus. In order to solve these question, we sequenced chloroplast genomes all using high-throughput sequencing. Results The results indicate that genome has a typical quadripartite structure ranges from 152,294 bp ( A. carlinoides ) 153,261 macrocephala size. contains 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding 30 transfer RNA genes four ribosomal genes. Four hotspots, rpl22 - rps19 rpl2 , psbM trnD trnR trnT (GGU) (UGU) trnL total 42–47 simple sequence repeats (SSR) were identified as most promising potentially variable makers for delimitation population genetic studies. Phylogenetic analyses whole clade tribe Cynareae ; form monophyly reflects Conclusions Our study included investigations sequences structural genomic variations, phylogenetics mutation dynamics will facilitate future studies genetics, taxonomy identification.